chapter 10:
1C 2C 3B 4B 5C 6C 7B 8D 9B 10A, 11 p=7.6 atm, 12. V=48.4L 13. T=41K 14 P2 = 7.8 atm, 15. n = 1.09 moles, 16. P of oxygen 3.4 atm. 17 V = 5.8L, it increases. 18 179L 19a. particles are small with large distances between them. act independently of one another with no attractive /repulsive forces. continiuous, random, straight lines, energy is directly proportional to temperature. B. particles are samll with large distances between them. 20. a. true, because particles are samll with large distances between them so they act independently of one another with no attractive forces and they move in continuous random straight lines. B. false, because particles are samll with large distances between them so they act independently of one another with no attractive forces and they move in continuous random straight lines 21. taggants allowed them to trace the dynamite. 22. submarines etc. 23. standard temperature and pressure, 1 atm, 0C
Chapter 9:
1C, 2A, 3D, 4B, 5C, 6A, 7B, 8A, 9B, 10A, 11D, 12D, 13B, 14A, 15A 16. 5909J 17. m = 126.8g, 18. 41,840J/g, 19 49.82g, 20 the fire triangle has oxygen, fuel and heat. It represents the three components of a fire. All three parts must be present. 21. It is the energy needed to start the reaction. 22Flashover - heat builds form a small fire in one part of the room and rises to the ceiglin. As the smoke and heat spreads across the ceiling, it thickens and is pushed down casuing other combustibles to catch fire. the use of flame retardant fabrics on furniture and in drapes will help prevent this. Backdraft - heat and fuel are present but oxygen is not. once oxygen is added, an explosion occurs. keep rooms ventilated. 23. Innocent. One he tried many times to rescue the little girl, two: he had a broken hand and was drunk so it would be difficult to accomplish the climb to the balcony. it would be almost impossibel to make the climb without spilling any gasoline or paint thinner.24. the purpose of a calorimeter is to find the heat/energy of a substance. From this information, several things can be calculated. Bomb - used with changing pressure. Metal within concrete to contain the explosion. Cone - used to measure heat usually from burning substances, constant pressure - liek the styrofoam cups used in class. the temperature changes not the pressure. 25. white smoke is a complet burn or efficient burn with carbon dioxide and wter produced. black smoke - incomplete burn, carbon particles are also produced. 26. -placed in tall cylinder, -everything is heated to vapor state at the bottom of the cylinder. - vapor rises, -temperature cools as the the vapor moves up the tower, - as the vapor reaches the temperature below the vapor state, the vapor condenses back into a liquid and is siphoned off.
27. 2C2H6 + 7O2 --> 4CO2 + 6H2O b. 2C8H16O + 23 O2 --> 16CO2+ 16 H2O 28. a. c is oxidized and oxygen is reduced B. K is oxidized and H is reduced
chapter 7 answers were handed out with the review in class
Chapter 6
1A, 2B, 3C, 4A, 5B, 6B, 7C, 8C, 9C, 10A, 11D, 12D, 13D, 14A, 15A, 16C, 17B, 18C, 19C, 20A, 21 T= -.74C,, 22 1.87m, 23 T= 100.31C, 24 m=1.2m, 25., dipole-dipole - intermolecular force between 2 polar molecules, weaker than hydrogen bonds. dipole induced dipole - polar and non polar. 26 osmosis - movement of water across semipermeable membrane, isotonic - no net movement of water across the membrane, hypotonic - higher concentration of solute in cell so cell water moves into the cell and ruptures.. 27. the solute interferes or gets in the way . 28 the stronger the intermolecular force more heat is needed to break aprat the forces, so a higher boiling point is needed or the lower temperature in order to go to a solid. Strong forces are solids and liquids and weak forces are typically gases. 29 it is the measure of force neeeded to overcome the intermolecular forces. 30. induced dipole - between nonpolar molecules and are weak. hydrogen bond - a dipole dipole force, strongest of all, between H with N, O, or F
Chapter 5
1A, 2D,3B,4B,5B, 6A, 7B, 8A, 9D, 10C, 11A, 12B, 13C. 14C, 15C, 16C, 17D, 18B, 19D, 20C, 21 0.31M., 22 0.12M, 23 0.6M 24 1x 10 -6, 25 5.6, 26. unsaturated, x = 26.79g/100ml, 27a potassium hydroxide, base, b. hydrobromic acid, acid, c. nitric acid, acid. 28stirring, heat, surface area, 29 Electrolyte - compound that dissociates in water conducting electricity. strong electrolyte - complete dissociation, strong base. weak electrolyte - partial dissociation, weak base. 30 buffer - to maintain a steady pH. made: weak acid and its salt, works: absorbs H+ and OH- ions keeping pH change to a minimal. 31. products silver chloride and aluminum nitrate. net ionic Ag+ + Cl- --> AgCl (s) 32. acid + base -->salt + water ex HCl + KOH --> KCl + H2O 33. acid: tart/sour, produces H+, changes the color of dyes and indicators, pH<7, base: bitter, produces OH-, changes color of dyes or indicators, pH >7 34. water is polar so it can dissolve polar and ionic compounds. 35. due to the increase in ammonia levels and the high levels of metals and HMPF 2000 released into the river, they could not tolerate the drastic changes in the river. 36a supersaturated is area above the line on the graph, saturated is the line. b. about 22g/10mL, c. solute KNO3 and solvent is water. d. about 85 C.
Chapter 8
1 B, 2C, 3 B, 4B, 5D, 6B, 7A, 8B,9C,10A,11B12D,13D,14B,15D,16B,17C,18D,19A,20C,21. electronegativity difference between the two atoms or the number of valence electrons. 22. resonant sturctures are the result of having more than one way to draw a Lew structure for the same compound. 23. Polar bonds can make up nonpolar molecules as long as there is an even pull on the central atom and no lone pairs on the central atom. 24. Stereoisomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but with a different structure and different properties.
25. Neurotransmitters transmit action potentials an axon to the next neuron by traveling across a gap. Illegal drugs block the uptake of neurotransmitters causing them to flood the neuron producing a high. 26. An immunoassay is a test based ont he unique 3D shape of a compound. It is a way of identifying the molecule. 27. Mg 2+, F -1 (F has 8 dots around it) 28. Ionic bonds are stronger due to the +/- attraction. 29. Valence electrons are the outer shell electrons. Roman numerals with an A above the column indicates the number of valence electrons for each element in that column. 30. the sulfur is attached to two hydrogens by a single bond and has 2 lone pairs.
31. LSD or mescaline was not specifically tested for. Only a general immunoassay was performed which could have identify anything similar to the two.
32.(I can't draw the shapes so I will describe them). PH3: 8, P with 3 single bonded H's and a lone pair, trigonal pyramidal, polar, 109.5
SO4 2-: 32, S with single bond to 4 O's. Each O has 3 lone pairs, tetrahedral, nonpolar, 109.5,
SF2: 20, S with two single bonds to F and two lone pairs, each F has 3 lone pairs, bent, polar, 109.5
S2: 12, S double bonded to another S with each S having two lone pairs, linear, nonpolar, 180
CBr3 +1: 24, C has two single bond to Br and a double bond to one Br, the Br's with single bonds have 3 lone pairs and the Br with a double bond has two lone pairs
|Answers to Review
spring semester review answers:
chapter 10:1C 2C 3B 4B 5C 6C 7B 8D 9B 10A, 11 p=7.6 atm, 12. V=48.4L 13. T=41K 14 P2 = 7.8 atm, 15. n = 1.09 moles, 16. P of oxygen 3.4 atm. 17 V = 5.8L, it increases. 18 179L 19a. particles are small with large distances between them. act independently of one another with no attractive /repulsive forces. continiuous, random, straight lines, energy is directly proportional to temperature. B. particles are samll with large distances between them. 20. a. true, because particles are samll with large distances between them so they act independently of one another with no attractive forces and they move in continuous random straight lines. B. false, because particles are samll with large distances between them so they act independently of one another with no attractive forces and they move in continuous random straight lines 21. taggants allowed them to trace the dynamite. 22. submarines etc. 23. standard temperature and pressure, 1 atm, 0C
Chapter 9:
1C, 2A, 3D, 4B, 5C, 6A, 7B, 8A, 9B, 10A, 11D, 12D, 13B, 14A, 15A 16. 5909J 17. m = 126.8g, 18. 41,840J/g, 19 49.82g, 20 the fire triangle has oxygen, fuel and heat. It represents the three components of a fire. All three parts must be present. 21. It is the energy needed to start the reaction. 22Flashover - heat builds form a small fire in one part of the room and rises to the ceiglin. As the smoke and heat spreads across the ceiling, it thickens and is pushed down casuing other combustibles to catch fire. the use of flame retardant fabrics on furniture and in drapes will help prevent this. Backdraft - heat and fuel are present but oxygen is not. once oxygen is added, an explosion occurs. keep rooms ventilated. 23. Innocent. One he tried many times to rescue the little girl, two: he had a broken hand and was drunk so it would be difficult to accomplish the climb to the balcony. it would be almost impossibel to make the climb without spilling any gasoline or paint thinner.24. the purpose of a calorimeter is to find the heat/energy of a substance. From this information, several things can be calculated. Bomb - used with changing pressure. Metal within concrete to contain the explosion. Cone - used to measure heat usually from burning substances, constant pressure - liek the styrofoam cups used in class. the temperature changes not the pressure. 25. white smoke is a complet burn or efficient burn with carbon dioxide and wter produced. black smoke - incomplete burn, carbon particles are also produced. 26. -placed in tall cylinder, -everything is heated to vapor state at the bottom of the cylinder. - vapor rises, -temperature cools as the the vapor moves up the tower, - as the vapor reaches the temperature below the vapor state, the vapor condenses back into a liquid and is siphoned off.
27. 2C2H6 + 7O2 --> 4CO2 + 6H2O b. 2C8H16O + 23 O2 --> 16CO2+ 16 H2O 28. a. c is oxidized and oxygen is reduced B. K is oxidized and H is reduced
chapter 7 answers were handed out with the review in class
Chapter 6
1A, 2B, 3C, 4A, 5B, 6B, 7C, 8C, 9C, 10A, 11D, 12D, 13D, 14A, 15A, 16C, 17B, 18C, 19C, 20A, 21 T= -.74C,, 22 1.87m, 23 T= 100.31C, 24 m=1.2m, 25., dipole-dipole - intermolecular force between 2 polar molecules, weaker than hydrogen bonds. dipole induced dipole - polar and non polar. 26 osmosis - movement of water across semipermeable membrane, isotonic - no net movement of water across the membrane, hypotonic - higher concentration of solute in cell so cell water moves into the cell and ruptures.. 27. the solute interferes or gets in the way . 28 the stronger the intermolecular force more heat is needed to break aprat the forces, so a higher boiling point is needed or the lower temperature in order to go to a solid. Strong forces are solids and liquids and weak forces are typically gases. 29 it is the measure of force neeeded to overcome the intermolecular forces. 30. induced dipole - between nonpolar molecules and are weak. hydrogen bond - a dipole dipole force, strongest of all, between H with N, O, or F
Chapter 5
1A, 2D,3B,4B,5B, 6A, 7B, 8A, 9D, 10C, 11A, 12B, 13C. 14C, 15C, 16C, 17D, 18B, 19D, 20C, 21 0.31M., 22 0.12M, 23 0.6M 24 1x 10 -6, 25 5.6, 26. unsaturated, x = 26.79g/100ml, 27a potassium hydroxide, base, b. hydrobromic acid, acid, c. nitric acid, acid. 28stirring, heat, surface area, 29 Electrolyte - compound that dissociates in water conducting electricity. strong electrolyte - complete dissociation, strong base. weak electrolyte - partial dissociation, weak base. 30 buffer - to maintain a steady pH. made: weak acid and its salt, works: absorbs H+ and OH- ions keeping pH change to a minimal. 31. products silver chloride and aluminum nitrate. net ionic Ag+ + Cl- --> AgCl (s) 32. acid + base -->salt + water ex HCl + KOH --> KCl + H2O 33. acid: tart/sour, produces H+, changes the color of dyes and indicators, pH<7, base: bitter, produces OH-, changes color of dyes or indicators, pH >7 34. water is polar so it can dissolve polar and ionic compounds. 35. due to the increase in ammonia levels and the high levels of metals and HMPF 2000 released into the river, they could not tolerate the drastic changes in the river. 36a supersaturated is area above the line on the graph, saturated is the line. b. about 22g/10mL, c. solute KNO3 and solvent is water. d. about 85 C.
Chapter 8
1 B, 2C, 3 B, 4B, 5D, 6B, 7A, 8B,9C,10A,11B12D,13D,14B,15D,16B,17C,18D,19A,20C,21. electronegativity difference between the two atoms or the number of valence electrons. 22. resonant sturctures are the result of having more than one way to draw a Lew structure for the same compound. 23. Polar bonds can make up nonpolar molecules as long as there is an even pull on the central atom and no lone pairs on the central atom. 24. Stereoisomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but with a different structure and different properties.
25. Neurotransmitters transmit action potentials an axon to the next neuron by traveling across a gap. Illegal drugs block the uptake of neurotransmitters causing them to flood the neuron producing a high. 26. An immunoassay is a test based ont he unique 3D shape of a compound. It is a way of identifying the molecule. 27. Mg 2+, F -1 (F has 8 dots around it) 28. Ionic bonds are stronger due to the +/- attraction. 29. Valence electrons are the outer shell electrons. Roman numerals with an A above the column indicates the number of valence electrons for each element in that column. 30. the sulfur is attached to two hydrogens by a single bond and has 2 lone pairs.
31. LSD or mescaline was not specifically tested for. Only a general immunoassay was performed which could have identify anything similar to the two.
32.(I can't draw the shapes so I will describe them). PH3: 8, P with 3 single bonded H's and a lone pair, trigonal pyramidal, polar, 109.5
SO4 2-: 32, S with single bond to 4 O's. Each O has 3 lone pairs, tetrahedral, nonpolar, 109.5,
SF2: 20, S with two single bonds to F and two lone pairs, each F has 3 lone pairs, bent, polar, 109.5
S2: 12, S double bonded to another S with each S having two lone pairs, linear, nonpolar, 180
CBr3 +1: 24, C has two single bond to Br and a double bond to one Br, the Br's with single bonds have 3 lone pairs and the Br with a double bond has two lone pairs